Abstract We study the chameleon field dark matter, dubbed scalaron, in F (R) gravity in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch.With an R 2-correction term required to solve the singularity problem for F (R) gravity, we first find that the scalaron dynamics is governed by the R 2 term and the chameleon mechanism in the early universe, which makes
Among M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) schemes, quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) is used most often because of its efficient bandwidth consumption.However, in comparison with minimum-shift keying, which has continuous phase transitions, QPSK requires a higher bandwidth to transmit a signal.This article focuses on the phase transitions in QPSK signa
In each disaster response done by volunteers, sometimes there are emerging issuesof religious dissemination and the volunteers are expulsed because of breaching thelocal values.The use of mosque and local leaders are also supposed to have such issues.Inmanycases, the framework of interfaith and local culture sperspectiveis often forgotten.The issue
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common disorder of the urea cycle and is caused by a mutation of the OTC gene, located on chromosome X.Its prevalence is estimated at 1 in 80,000 to 56,500 births, but this X-chromosomal inheritance results in males being more affected than females.In neonates affected with this disorder, hyp
The textile industries role on imminent hazardous environmental impact has global attention.The remediation of textile effluent is often challenging because of the presence of a wide variety of pollutants like dyes, acids, bases, metal salts, and microorganisms.The use of biological recycling methods are contemplated to mitigate the hazardous pollu